{"id":985,"date":"2022-08-12T09:47:12","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T07:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drexcomedical.fr\/blog\/?p=985"},"modified":"2023-02-02T17:09:05","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T16:09:05","slug":"variole-du-singe-symptomes-transmission-vaccin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drexcomedical.fr\/blog\/variole-du-singe-symptomes-transmission-vaccin\/","title":{"rendered":"Variole du singe : sympt\u00f4mes, transmission, vaccin\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le 19 mai 2022, le premier cas de variole du singe<\/strong> \u00e9tait confirm\u00e9 en France. Aujourd\u2019hui, plus de 2600 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pist\u00e9s en m\u00e9tropole et plusieurs dizaines outre-mer.
Ce qu\u2019il faut savoir sur cette maladie qu\u2019on appelle aussi \u00ab MonkeyPox<\/strong> \u00bb, quels sont les sympt\u00f4mes<\/strong> ? comment s\u2019en prot\u00e9ger ? existe-il un traitement<\/strong> ? un vaccin<\/strong> ?
Drexco M\u00e9dical<\/a> r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos questions dans cet article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019o\u00f9 vient la variole du singe ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La variole du singe<\/strong> est apparue pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1958 \u00e0 Copenhague chez des singes de laboratoire. Cependant, ce virus variolique<\/strong> est \u00e0 l\u2019origine h\u00e9berg\u00e9 par des rongeurs. Comme toutes les maladies infectieuses transmises de l\u2019animal \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre humain (\u00c9bola, rage, peste\u2026), la variole du singe est une \u00ab zoonose<\/strong> \u00bb. Appartenant \u00e0 la famille des virus orthopox<\/strong>, la variole du singe est caus\u00e9e par l\u2019orthopoxvirus simien<\/strong>.
Le premier cas humain a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9 en 12 ans plus tard, en 1970 en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo. C\u2019est \u00e0 cet endroit que l\u2019on trouve une des souches du virus. La deuxi\u00e8me souche se situe en Afrique Occidental, o\u00f9 le virus est moins virulent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les premiers sympt\u00f4mes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les premiers sympt\u00f4mes de Monkeypox<\/strong> peuvent appara\u00eetre tr\u00e8s tardivement. En effet, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019incubation dure entre 5 et 21 jours<\/strong>.
Une personne infect\u00e9e de la variole du singe souffrira d\u2019abord d\u2019une fi\u00e8vre<\/strong> et d\u2019un gonflement des ganglions lymphatiques<\/strong> (ad\u00e9nopathie). Cette fi\u00e8vre de plus de 38\u00b0C peut durer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3 jours.
Dans les 5 premiers jours, la fi\u00e8vre et les ganglions peuvent \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9s d\u2019autres sympt\u00f4mes :
– Maux de t\u00eate
– Fatigue (asth\u00e9nie)
– Douleur musculaire (myalgie)
– Maux de gorge
– Douleur \u00e0 la d\u00e9glutition
Et dans certains cas, une \u00e9ruption rouge peut appara\u00eetre de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9coce dans la bouche et sur la langue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La progression de l\u2019infection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Suite \u00e0 cette premi\u00e8re phase de sympt\u00f4mes, une \u00e9ruption cutan\u00e9e<\/strong> \u00e9clot. L\u2019\u00e9ruption d\u00e9marre sur le visage et s\u2019\u00e9tend rapidement au reste du corps jusqu\u2019au mains, pieds et muqueuses. Parmi les malades, 75% ont eu une \u00e9ruption g\u00e9nito-anale<\/strong>. Ces boutons tous en m\u00eame temps et peuvent d\u00e9manger.
Les boutons apparaissent d\u2019abord sous forme de macules, puis se transforment en papules, puis en v\u00e9sicules, puis en pustules avant de s\u00e9cher en cro\u00fbtes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment se transmet la variole du singe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Causes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La variole du singe est une maladie sexuellement transmissible<\/strong>. Cela signifie qu\u2019elle peut se transmettre par des rapports sexuels, mais pas seulement. Cette infection se transmet par :
– Gouttelettes respiratoires : \u00e9ternuement, postillons, salive, crachat\u2026
– Contact direct des muqueuses (vagin, bouche, p\u00e9nis, narines\u2026) ou de l\u00e9sions sur le corps d\u2019une personne infect\u00e9e
– Partage de la literie, vaisselle, v\u00eatements d\u2019une personne malade
– Rapports sexuels avec ou sans p\u00e9n\u00e9tration
– Contact direct avec du sang, l\u00e9sions, muqueuses ou liquide biologique d\u2019un animal infect\u00e9
– Ingestion de viande trop peu cuite d\u2019un animal infect\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Personnes \u00e0 risques <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La monkeypox \u00e9tant une maladie sexuellement transmissible, les personnes ayant des rapports non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<\/strong> et\/ou fr\u00e9quents avec des personnes infect\u00e9es sont \u00e0 risque. De plus, elle peut \u00eatre transmise sans p\u00e9n\u00e9tration<\/strong> vaginale.  Cette infection peut donc toucher les personnes h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelles et homosexuelles. Les travailleuses du sexe sont tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es \u00e0 cette infection de par leur profession.
Sont \u00e0 risques, les personnes vivant avec une personne infect\u00e9e qui partagent le m\u00eame linge de maison ou vaisselle. Il convient d\u2019adapter des gestes de protection, notamment tant que le malade est toujours contagieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contagion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8s les premiers sympt\u00f4mes, la personne infect\u00e9e est contagieuse<\/strong>. Durant la p\u00e9riode d\u2019incubation<\/strong>, qui peut durer de 1 \u00e0 3 semaines<\/strong>, le malade n\u2019est pas contagieux.
La variole du singe est moins contagieuse que la varicelle. Cependant, elle reste contagieuse longtemps.
La peau n\u2019est plus contagieuse lorsque les cro\u00fbtes tombent. Cependant, les cro\u00fbtes restent contagieuses, tout comme les muqueuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traitement et vaccin contre la variole du singe <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Il n\u2019existe pas de traitement<\/strong> contre la variole du singe. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inoffensive, l\u2019infection dispara\u00eet d\u2019elle-m\u00eame<\/strong> entre 2 et 3 semaines apr\u00e8s l\u2019apparition des premiers sympt\u00f4mes.
Si une forme grave se d\u00e9veloppe, un traitement \u00e0 base de Tecovirimat sera propos\u00e9 au patient. Le Tecovirimat est un m\u00e9dicament antiviral<\/strong> permettant d\u2019emp\u00eacher la propagation du virus dans le corps du patient. Ce m\u00e9dicament se pr\u00e9sente sous forme de g\u00e9lule \u00e0 prendre 30 minutes apr\u00e8s un repas. Il est recommand\u00e9 de prendre Tecovirimat pendant 14 jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe un vaccin contre la variole du singe<\/strong>. Ce dernier fut utilis\u00e9 entre 1970 et 1980, lors de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9pid\u00e9mie. La baisse de vaccination pourrait expliquer le retour du virus.
Les personnes \u00e9tant ou ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 cas contact peuvent se faire vacciner comme traitement, cependant cela se fait au cas par cas. En revanche, la Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 recommande aux personnes cas contact<\/strong> confirm\u00e9 de se faire vacciner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La variole du singe est-elle dangereuse ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans la plupart des cas, la variole du singe est b\u00e9nigne<\/strong>. Elle peut \u00e9ventuellement laisser des cicatrices, comme la varicelle.
Cependant, chez les personnes fragiles, la variole du songe peut repr\u00e9senter un risque. Les enfants<\/strong>, les femmes enceintes<\/strong> et les personnes immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9es<\/strong> peuvent \u00eatre affect\u00e9es plus gravement par ce virus.
Les complications possibles du virus sont :
– Surinfection des l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es
– Atteinte respiratoire
– Atteinte digestive
– Atteinte ophtalmologique
– Atteinte neurologique
Les risques de mortalit\u00e9s<\/strong> pour la Monkeypox sont faibles<\/strong>, cependant pas inexistants. Le variant centre-africain est plus dangereux que celui d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. En effet, le premier variant poss\u00e8de un taux de l\u00e9talit\u00e9 de 11%, alors que le deuxi\u00e8me est l\u00e9tal \u00e0 6% maximum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cas contact, contamination variole du singe : que faire ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je suis infect\u00e9 de la variole du singe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un test PCR<\/strong> et confirm\u00e9 une variole du singe, la personne infect\u00e9e doit s\u2019isoler<\/a>.
Ce virus \u00e9tant contagieux jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des sympt\u00f4mes<\/strong>, il est imp\u00e9ratif de s\u2019isoler pendant au moins 3 semaines<\/strong> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la gu\u00e9rison totales des sympt\u00f4mes.
Eviter tout type de contact physique<\/strong> avec un \u00eatre humain ou animal pendant 21 jours et porter un masque chirurgical pour parler \u00e0 quelqu\u2019un.
Ne pas partager : v\u00eatements, vaisselle, linge de maison ou de toilette.
Une fois les cro\u00fbtes tomb\u00e9es, les manipuler avec pr\u00e9cautions pour les jeter car elles sont contagieuses. Les jeter dans des sacs poubelles d\u00e9di\u00e9s.
Nettoyer votre lieu de vie convenablement une fois gu\u00e9ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je suis cas contact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La p\u00e9riode d\u2019incubation de la variole du singe est de 5 \u00e0 21 jours. Lorsqu\u2019une personne est cas contact<\/strong>, il convient de v\u00e9rifier sa temp\u00e9rature 2 fois par jour pendant 3 semaines et de surveiller l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de sympt\u00f4mes<\/strong>.
En cas de sympt\u00f4mes, ne pas aller chez le m\u00e9decin mais appeler le 15 et s\u2019isoler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 19 mai 2022, le premier cas de variole du singe \u00e9tait confirm\u00e9 en France. Aujourd\u2019hui, plus de 2600 cas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVariole du singe : sympt\u00f4mes, transmission, vaccin\u2026 - Blog | Drexco M\u00e9dical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quels sont les sympt\u00f4mes de la variole du singe ? Comment se transmet-elle ? Comment se soigne-t-elle ? 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